A HYBRID HOPFIELD NEURAL NETWORK AND TABU SEARCH ALGORITHM TO SOLVE ROUTING PROBLEM IN COMMUNICATION NETWORK

The development of hybrid algorithms for solving complex optimization problems focuses on enhancing the strengths and compensating for the weakness of two or more complementary approaches. The goal is to intelligently combine the key elements of these approaches to find superior solutions to solve optimization problems. Optimal routing in communication network is considering a complex optimization problem. In this paper we propose a hybrid Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) and Tabu Search (TS) algorithm, this algorithm called hybrid HNN-TS algorithm. The paradigm of this hybridization is embedded. We embed the short-term memory and tabu restriction features from TS algorithm in the HNN model. The short-term memory and tabu restriction control the neuron selection process in the HNN model in order to get around the local minima problem and find an optimal solution using the HNN model to solve complex optimization problem. The proposed algorithm is intended to find the optimal path for packet transmission in the network which is fills in the field of routing problem. The optimal path that will be selected is depending on 4-tuples (delay, cost, reliability and capacity). Test results show that the propose algorithm can find path with optimal cost and a reasonable number of iterations. It also shows that the complexity of the network model won’t be a problem since the neuron selection is done heuristically

Modeling The Power Grid Network Of Iraq

في الآونة الأخيرة ، أخذت نظرية الشبكات المعقدة  (Complex Networks)ٳتجاه حديث وفعال بدخولها ضمن مجموعة متنوعة من التطبيقات في حياتنا. حيث تستخدم نظرية الشبكات المعقدة في تشكيل الظواهر المعقدة في النماذج القائمة على الرسم البياني التي تتألف من العقد بالٳضافة الى الحواف التي تربطها. يمكن تقييم وتحليل هذا التمثيل بٳستخدام مقاييس الشبكة مثل درجة العقدة ، معامل التجميع ، طول المسار ، المركزية، القرب، البينية ، الكثافة ، والقطر، على سبيل المثال لا الحصر. تعتبر طوبولوجيا الترابطات المعقدة لشبكات الطاقة أحد المشاكل التي ممكن مواجهتها من ناحية فهم  الشبكة أو تحليلها. لذلك ، تستخدم بعض البلدان حول العالم مفاهيم الشبكات المعقدة لنمذجة وتحليل شبكات الطاقة الخاصة بها. في هذا العمل ، تم نمذجة وتصور شبكة الكهرباء الوطنية العراقية (IPG) وتحليلها وفق نظرية الشبكات المعقدة من خلال تمثيل المحطات كعقد وخطوط نقل الكهرباء بين المحطات كحواف. هذا التحليل يتم من خلال تطبيق مقاييس خصائص الشبكة على شبكة IPG الوطنية المقترحة. أخيرا، يوفر هذا العمل تصورًا احترافيًا للشبكة التي تم إنشاؤها بناءً على التوزيع الديموغرافي وإحداثيات محطات الطاقة. وبالتالي فأن الشبكة المقترحة مفيدة لوزارة الكهرباء العراقية والتي ممكن أن يتبناها المسؤولون والمختصون من أجل فهم وتصور وتقييم أداء شبكة IPG الحالية من منظور مختلف لأنها لا تزال قيد التطوير والتحديث.Recently, the theory of Complex Networks gives a modern insight into a variety of applications in our life. Complex Networks are used to form complex phenomena into graph-based models that include nodes and edges connecting them. This representation can be analyzed by using network metrics such as node degree, clustering coefficient, path length, closeness, betweenness, density, and diameter, to mention a few. The topology of the complex interconnections of power grids is considered one of the challenges that can be faced in terms of understanding and analyzing them. Therefore, some countries use Complex Networks concepts to model their power grid networks. In this work, the Iraqi Power Grid network (IPG) has been modeled, visualized and analyzed according to the theory of Complex Networks by representing the stations as nodes and the transmission lines as edges. This analysis is done by applying network metrics to the proposed national IPG network. Finally, this work provides a professional visualization of the generated network based on the demographic distribution and the accurate coordinates of the power stations. Thus, this proposed network is useful for the Iraqi Ministry of Electricity. Besides, it can be adopted by officials and specialists to understand, visualize and evaluate the performance of the current IPG network since it is still under development and modernization

Implementation of a Proposal Encryption Algorithm for Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

The process of transfer a speech signal by high confidentially and as quickly as possible through the Internet needs to develop compression and encryption technology for a speech signal, so as, to reduce its size and make it understandable to persons not authorized to listen to. A system was designed to encrypt the voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and use compression technique for the purpose of reducing the size of data and send it over the network, (A_law PCM) algorithm was used the to compress audio data. Then algorithms of Triple Data Encryption Standard (TDES) and Advanced.Encryption Standard (AES) were applied. A new encryption algorithm was proposed based in its work on the block cipher encryption system called the Direct and Reverse algorithm, which based on three basic steps, firstly expand the initial key, secondly direct the encryption of each round in one direction, and finally substitute (Bytes) as used in the Compensation Box in AES algorithm by making it moving. In general compression ratio was calculated and it was (50%) and the results of the correlation coefficient for the proposed algorithm was compared with the results of (AES, TDES) algorithms